Permanent-waving apparatus



Sept. 4, 1928.

W. S. LEWIS PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS wFiled April 6, 1927 N 2 critical tem erature.

Patented Se t; 4,- 1928.

- UNITED Srres PATENT orr-l ce.

wrnmm s LEWIS, or mnwoon, omo, ASSIGII'OB roam: s, 1.1: mm column,

-OF CLEVELAND, OHIO,.A GOBPORATFIOI'OI omo. V

- rnnmnur-wavme mm'rus.

Application filed April 8, 1927. Serial n'o; name.

My invention relates to permanent waving apparatus and more particularly it d heating operation will be properly continued until its purpose has been accomplished.

Another object of my invention 18 to provide for permanent hair waving: wherein a critical temperature, to which the hair strand being saved is subjected, will be reliably made known to the operator or to the observer. Y

Anotherobject of my invention is to rovide for the audible indication of su a Another 0 ject of my-invention to provide,by suitable means disposed with rela- 1 tion' to onehair strand, a critical temperature of other hair "strands simultaneously subjected to heating during a permanent waving process, the temperature of the one hair strand acting as a ilot to indicate the temperature of other lair strands being simultaneously perated upon complish .the foregoing and other objects -..of my invention hereina fter more fully ex-..

plained, by indicating means which may be disposed exteriorally of'casings, wrapping's, and the like,"which may surround the hair strand, and which will reliably" indicate the v temperature existing within such enclosures to which the hair strand is subjected. These and other 'ob'ects of; my invention and the invention itsel will become apparent I from reference to the following description of an embodiment thereof and in which description referencewill'be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification. 1 Referring to the drawings: Fig. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of my invention illustrating the same applied to a wound strand of hair Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of aiirag-r ment of another embodiment of my inven= Another object of my invention is to -ac-.

during the steaming operation of a perma- V tinnassociirted with the wound strand of I hair during the assembling and 'enclosing thereof prior to the steaming operation oi a permanent waving process;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary partially sectional yiewelof the gherm al-expansiyg t{lilting-containg ement orming a. part 0 e' ore oin embodiment. a g} Fig. 4 is a transverse sectional view taken on.the line 4-4 of Fig. 3;. and

5 is a perspective view of the ther-, -mal-expansive fiuidmontaining clement of Figs. 2 to 4, inclusive. 7 1?. ferring now first to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 2 to 5, inclusive, in all or which like parts are designated by-lilre reference characters, I provide, preferably,-

a curler rod comprising an outer cylindrical tube member 10 and an inner solid rod por tion 11 telescoped the tube and pref 7 erably secured' against longitudinal movement relative thereto by virtue of an inwardly-.extending rib of .the tube pro- 1ecting wrthin a. corresponding annular groove 'on the exterior surface of the rod, preferably according 'to the construction H illustrated lil my co-pending application,

SerialN'o. 109,077,1i1ed May 14, 1926, the 4 rod and tube just as herein illustrated and described being that a strand ofhair, shown at'13, wound upon thetube 11,'may be tightened in accord- 3 'ance'withthe disclosure offthe saidprior application. The hair may be secu'red to' the bifurcated end 14 of the rod by tying it with a cord 15. Thehair then moistened by a hair treating solution and asubstantiall concave-convex -'ther'mal-expansive flui '-containing element 20, is disposed 'close- 1y adjacent to thewound'strandof hair at its thicker base portion. The element 20 .com rises an enlarged cell portion 21, having para el concave and convex side walls, the concave walls of which engage and substan tially conform to the rounded form of the 0 engaged wound strand of hair'13 adjacent to its base, vto partially surround the same.

A small fiexible tube 22having a small. bore 23 extends upwardly from the relatively large cell sectional 21, being preferably formed integral therewith, beyond the strand of hair and curler rod and substantially parallel-with the wound strand of hair and the curler rod. The wound strand ofhair and the cell are then preferably wrapped relativelyrotatable in order v by a moistened flannel strip 16 which completely covers and encloses thestrand of 7 being preferably crimped or otherwise oper ated upon at its upper end and lower end to provide a sealed enclosure for the wound strand of hair. A heat insulating pad 28' is preferably interposed between the scalp 29 and the curler rod to protect the scalp against injury. An electrical or other heat ing element 26 is now telescoped. over the container 24 and the wound strand of hair is now heated byW nergizing the electric heater 26. p I

The' tube 22 having been placed within the wrapper and the container, extends free of the same andmay be of variable desiredv length. The opposite end of the tube com- 1 municates with a fluid pressure gauge 30,

which gau e is adapted to actuate an indi- 1 eating nee e 31, which needle may be swung to the ri ht or left, depending upon whether tlie electric heater circuit is closed. As illustrated, I divide the'scale 32 of the gauge into two arts, the left hand portion 34 bein relative y dark in color and of some such co or as blue or green, and the righthand rtion of: the scale being relatively light in color and refer'ably with some such inscription of ry heat or Dan r,. the junction between the two portions of the scale indicated by the'black line 35 having an inscription such as Steam closely adjacent'to the line 35. Various other manners of marking the au e scale may be employed, butv it is fhig 1y desirable that the sea e be so graduated as to emphasize variations from a critical'temperature substantially be end which injury to the hair strand ma be liad thermal-expansive fluid is contained within the relatively lar concave-convex cell 21 and the bore23 o the tube 22, and the gauge30. The relatively large cell having a large'fluid capacity will, when. heat is applied to the hair, expand causing an increase of fluid pressure to actuate the expans ible element .of gauge 30, not shown, to

v actuate the indicating needle 31 to cause the an au' fble signalto warn the operator. A

same to swing to the right." If the heaternerates. heat-to such a temperature that if much .exceeded'the hair mayhe injured,

- the ,needle- .will swing furtherite the right clos' the electrical contacts 45, to sound For operating'thela tdible signal I provide," preferably, circuit dompri'sing a source of electric energy "41,, a hand switch 42, andan electric annunciator 43,

such. as, a for example, a one-stroke bell,

which circuit may be connected 'tothe contacts' 45 of the gauge 30. At normal nonnjurious temperatures the circuit is continuously broken. Contact 45 ma be disposed on the auge adjacent'the n e 31 whereby the nee e may close the circuit when swung to the right to simultaneously indicate by a visual si al when a dangerous heat is a roache which might be injurious "to t e air, and then so Quit to-th'e bell 43 to give an-audible signal to warn' an operator that a danger int'eo has been reached on a particular stran d of A so vdelicate as to be easil put out ofadjustment nor will it readi y become damaged in use to destroyitsraccuracy.

Referring no'wnto Fi .1, I show therein a second embodiment o my invention comprising a cell 21 of substantially tubular form an having an axial bore united at ,52,

preferabl to the tube 22 leading as in-Fig.

2, to the pressure gauge 30. I contemplate sometimes continuin the tube 22 in a con but pre er in all cases' .to enlar the enclosure 23'or the wrapper 16 or both whereat the actual temperature to which the hair strand is subjected and prefer to, reduce the bore of the tube portion 22 so as to minimizethe effect of outside temperatures on the communicating tube extraneously of the enclosure. Also, I prefer, as

eter of the tube portion 22 and I preferably enclose the tube portion 22, as indicated in Fig. 1, with a textile sleeve 53 which may be-made of wool, cotton, silk or the like,

heat being preferred.

Having thus described my invention in certain specific embodiments, I am aware that numerous and extensive departures may be made from the embodiments herein illus-' trated and described but without departing from the spirit of my invention. Iclaii n: J

-1.' Infa hair waving apparatus, the 00m wound astrand of hair, of a' fluid-containi cell," of .a wrapper enclosing the wounj strand of hair and the cell'ai d acontainer telescoped over the wound of hair and bsequently close the cir- 10o tinuous ass to the ass of the hair strand, p I I the bore of the tube in the portidn contained within I I shown in Fig. 1, to reduce the outside diamthese materials which less efliciently .conduct 3 12s bination witha-mn'ler nod u which is cell, means to heat the wound strand of hair in the presence of moisture through the walls .of the container, afluid pressure indicator 'means disposed exteriorally of the container 5. and a tube interconnecting the said cell and the said indicator means. 2. In a hair waving apparatus, the combination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of a fluid-containin cell, of means enclosing the wound strand 0 hair in the presence of moisture, means to heat the wound strand of hair, fluid pressure indicator means disposed exteriorally of the container, and a tube interconnecting the said cell and the said indicator means, said fluid pressure indicatorresponsiveto expansion of the thermal-expansive fluid, to m: dicate a critical temperature of the strand.

3. In a hair waving apparatus, the comac bination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of a fluid-containing cell, of a wrapper enclosing the wound strand of hair and the cell and a container telescoped over the wound strand ofhair and cell, means toheat the wound strand of hair in'the presence of moisture through the walls of the container, a fluid pressure indicator means disposed exteriorally of the container,

" and a tube interconnecting the said cell and the said indicator means, said cell havingconcavo-convex side walls, the concave walls of which being'contiguous with the wound strand of hair.

' a. In a hair waving apparatus, the combination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of a fluid-containing cell, of a container telescoped over the v wound strand of hair and cell, means to heat the wound strand of hair in the presence of to moisture through the walls of the container,

- fluid pressure indicator means disposedexteriorally of the container, and a tube interconnecting the said cell and the said indicator means. i Y

5.- In a' hair waving apparatus, the combination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of a fluid-containing cell, of acontainer telescoped over the wound strand-of hair-and cell, means to heat so the wound strand of hair in the presence of moisturethrough the walls of the container, fluid pressure indicator means disposed exteriorally of the container, and atube interconnecting t e said cell and'the said indicator means,said cell comprising an enlargement of the bore of the conduit. 7

6. In a hairwaving apparatus,'the combination with a curler rod upon which is the wound strand, means to heat the strand in the presence. of moisture, from the exterior of the enclosure, a fluid conduit closed at both ends, having-a portion projected within the enclosure and disposedadjacent the" wound strand of hair-so as to be'subjected to substantially the same thermal conditions as the strand, a fluid pressure indicator disposed exteriorally of the enclosure, said conduit containing a fluid responsive to the thermal effects of said heating means to eff t an increase of fluid pressure in the cond ii it, said conduit terminating within the indicator, and means in the indicator responsive to variations in pressure in the conduit, to effect variable indications controlling the operation of the indicator.

7. In a hair waving apparatus, the combination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of an enclosure for the wound strand, means to heat the strand in the presence of moisture, from the. ex-

terior of the enclosure, a fluid con'duit closed at both ends, having a portion projected within the enclosure and disposed adjacent the wound strand of hair so as to be subj acted to substantiallg the same thermal conditions as the stran said conduit contain ing a flui'd responsive to the thermal eflects 0f said-heatmg means to eifect an increase of fluid pressure in the conduit, said conduit terminating cxteriorally'of the enclosure, and means responsive to the effects of fluid pressure in the conduit, disposed exter1orally of the. enclosure, adapted to indicate a critical degree of heat to which the said conduit portion is subjected within' the enclosure.

8. In apparatus for permanent waving,

extending exteriorally of the chamber, and

means communicating with the said exteriorally extending portion, responsive to the efl'ects of fluid pressure therein, to indicate the pressure in the conduit effected by reason of a critical temperature communicated to the conduit portion disposed'within the chamber. j r a T 9, In a hair wavingrapparatus, the comsubjected bination with a wound strand of hair subjectedto the effects of heat during a waving process within an enclosure, the combinatron witha pressure gauge disposed extraneously ofthe enclosure, of a tube containing a fluid expansible under the influence of heat v projected within'the enclosure so as to be wound a strand of hair, of an enclosure for subjected substantially to the same degree 1 0. In a hair waving apparatus, the com-- binatio n with a wound strand of hair subprocess within an enclosure, the eombina tion with a pressure gauge disposed'extranejected to the efl'ects of heat during a waving ously of the enclosure, of a tube containing a fluidexpansible under the influence of heat projected within the enclosure so as to besubjected substantially to the same degree of heat as the hair strand in its enclosed portion and-communicating the fluid pressure resulting from expansion of the bination with a woun jected to the efl'ects of heat during a wavi ngprocess within'an' enclosure, the combination fluid under the influence of heat in'the enclosure to the pressure gauge, said tube having its bore enl ar edin a portion thereof projected within t e enclosure. i

11. 'In a hair wavin "apparatus, the conistrand of hair sub-' with a pressure gauge disposed e rtraneously of the enclosure, of a tube containing a-fluid expansible under the influence of heat projected within the enclosure so as to subected substantially to the same degree of heat as the hair strand in its enclosed portion andfcommunicating the fluid the influence of'heat in the enclosure to the pressure gauge, and heatinsulating means.

applied to theexterior of the tube in porlZIOHS' thGIGOf exteriorally of the enclosure;

\ a same-degree of a -12. In a hair wavin apparatus, the combination with a woun -jected to the efiects of heat during a way- I mg process within an enclosure, the combif nationwith a. ressure gauge disposed ex-,-

"traneously of t e enclosure, of a tube-cons taining a fluid expansible under the influence of heat projected'within the enclosure strand of hair subso as' to be subilect'ed substantially to: the

ansion of cat in the from c comprislng an enlarged cell disposed within the encl 13. In a hairwaving apparatus the conr bination'with a wound strand of hair adapted to be subjected to the effects of heat during, a waving process within an enclo sure, and means nsive to a critical temperatureto which t e wound strand of hair is subjected to audibly indicate such term perature'."v

heat the strand through a wall of the enressureresulting from expansion of the fluid undera pressure 0 eat aslthe; hair strand-in its enclosed portion and -communicating the fluid pre$ure V the fluid 'underthe in uence of enclosure to the pressure gauge, said tube theoperator 14. In 'a hair waving apparatus, the

- egan combination with a wound strand of hair contained within an enclosure, of means to closure, ,of means contained within the enclosure responsive to a critical thermo condition therein adapted to eflect an audible indication of such thermo'condition.

15. In a hair waving apparatus, the combination with a curler rodiupon' which is wound a, strand of hair, of 'a fluid-containin 'cell, of a wrapper enclosing the woun strand of hair and the cell and a container telescoped over the wound strand of hair and cell, means to heat the wound strand of hair in the presence of moisture through the walls of the container, a fluid ressure oper- "ated means disposed-exterioral y ofthe container, a tube interconnecting the said cell and the said pressure 0 erated means, and an alarnr'dey ce operab e' upon a predetermined temperature of the strand of hair under the control ofthe said pressure operatedmeans. y

16. In a hairwaving apparatus, the combination with a curler rod upon which is wound a strand of hair, of a fluid-containin cell, of a wrapper. enclosing the woun strand of hair and thecell and a container telescoped over the wound strand of hair and when energized to simultaneously beat all of 100 the hair strands, each throu h a wall of its respective enclosure, and audible indicating meansassociatedwith one of the enclosures adapted to audibly indicate a critical'tem- .105 thereby issubjected, said audible indicating perature to' which the hair strand enclosed means-when o rated serving to indicate to p e critical temperature of all of the simultaneously heated strands.

In testimony whereof I Emma aflixm no signaturethis 4th da of April 1927,

, p siLrwis.

cellilmeans to heat the wound strand of hair in t plurality of" enclosures 35 a 

